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1. | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS |
1.1. | Additional challenges and opportunities for thermoelectric devices |
1.1. | Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting total value (millions of US$) 2016-2026 |
1.1. | Market forecasts for thermoelectric energy harvesters in different applications 2016-2026 (US$ million) |
1.2. | Global Thermoelectric implementations |
2. | INTRODUCTION |
2.1. | The Seebeck and Peltier effects |
2.1. | Representation of the Peltier (left) and the Seebeck (right) effect |
2.2. | A general overview of the sequential manufacturing steps required in the construction of thermoelectric generators |
2.2. | Designing for thermoelectric applications |
2.3. | Thin film thermoelectric generators |
2.3. | Generic schematic of thermoelectric energy harvesting system |
2.4. | Figure of merit for some thermoelectric material systems |
2.4. | Material choices |
2.5. | Organic thermoelectrics - PEDOT:PSS, not just a transparent conductor |
2.5. | Orientation map from a skutterudite sample |
2.6. | Power Density and Sensitivity plotted for a variety of TEGs at a ΔT=30K |
2.6. | Bi-functional thermoelectric generator/pre-cooler: DC power from aircraft bleed air |
2.7. | % of Carnot efficiency for thermogenerators for different material systems |
2.8. | Bulk Bi2Te3 sample consolidated from nanostructured powders that were formed by gas atomization, then hot pressed together |
2.9. | Calculated figure-of-merit ZT for doped PbSe at various hole concentrations (main plot) and electron concentrations (inset) |
2.10. | Experimental ZT values for PbSe |
2.11. | The skutterudite crystal lattice structure |
2.12. | A sample of skutterudite ore |
2.13. | Polyhedral morphology of a ZrNiSn single crystal |
2.14. | Atomic force micrograph of nanowire-polymer composite films of varying composition, and schematic of highly conductive interfacial phase |
3. | OTHER PROCESSING TECHNIQUES |
3.1. | Manufacturing of flexible thermoelectric generators |
3.1. | A typical thermoelectric element |
3.2. | Schematic of the inside of a typical thermoelectric element |
3.2. | AIST technology details |
3.3. | Sputtered thermoelectric material on wafer substrate |
3.4. | Detail of thermocouple legs. (3.3mmx3.3mm area containing 540 thermocouples, 140mV/K) |
3.5. | Electrochemically deposited Bi2Te3 legs with high aspect ratios |
3.6. | The fabrication method of the CNT-polymer composite material (top), and an electron microscope image of its surface (lower) |
3.7. | A flexible thermoelectric conversion film fabricated by using a printing process (left) and its electrical power-generation ability (right). A temperature difference created by placing a hand on the film installed on the 10 °C pla |
4. | APPLICATIONS |
4.1. | Automotive applications |
4.1. | Energy losses in a vehicle |
4.1.1. | BMW |
4.1.2. | Ford |
4.1.3. | Volkswagen |
4.1.4. | Challenges of Thermoelectrics for Vehicles |
4.2. | Wireless sensing |
4.2. | Opportunities to harvest waste energy |
4.2.1. | TE-qNODE |
4.2.2. | TE-CORE |
4.2.3. | EverGen PowerStrap |
4.2.4. | WiTemp |
4.2.5. | GE- Logimesh |
4.3. | Aerospace |
4.3. | Ford Fusion, BMW X6 and Chevrolet Suburban. US Department of Energy thermoelectric generator programs |
4.4. | Pictures from the BMW thermogenerator developments, as part of EfficientDynamics |
4.4. | Wearable/implantable thermoelectrics |
4.5. | Building and home automation |
4.5. | Ford's anticipate 500W power output from their thermogenerator |
4.6. | The complete TEG designed by Amerigon |
4.6. | Other applications |
4.6.1. | Micropelt-MSX |
4.6.2. | PowerPot™ |
4.7. | High and medium temperature TE engines |
4.8. | Modelled power generation vs. exhaust mass flow for different cold inlet temperatures |
4.9. | FTP-75 Drive cycle simulation results: Exhaust gas flow, exhaust gas temperature and resulting power generation |
4.10. | The Micropelt-Schneider TE-qNODE |
4.11. | The TE-qNODE in operation, attached to busbars |
4.12. | The TE Core from Micropelt |
4.13. | The EverGen PowerStrap from Marlow |
4.14. | EverGen PowerStrap performance graphs |
4.15. | EverGen exchangers can vary in sizes from a few cubic inches to several cubic feet. Pictured also, a schematic of a TEG exchanger's main components |
4.16. | ABB's WiTemp wireless temperature transmitter |
4.17. | GE's wireless sensor with Perpetua's Powerpuck |
4.18. | Logimesh's Logimote, developed in collaboration with Marlow |
4.19. | A drawing of a general purpose heat source (GPHS)-RTG used for Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini-Huygens and New Horizons space probes |
4.20. | One of the Cassini spacecraft's three RTGs, photographed before installation |
4.21. | Labelled cutaway view of the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator |
4.22. | Nuclear-powered pace maker, Source: Los Alamos National Laboratory |
4.23. | Power emanating from various parts of the human body |
4.24. | The en:key products: A thermoelectric powered radiator valve and solar powered central control unit for home automation applications |
4.25. | The sentinel, a window positioning sensor developed by the Fraunhofer institute in Germany |
4.26. | Thermoelectric Energy harvesting on hot water/gas pipes |
4.27. | MSX-Micropelt cooking sensor |
4.28. | PowerPot with basic USB charger se |
4.29. | Backside of the PowerPot™, showing the flame resistant cable and connector |
5. | INTERVIEWS - COMMERCIALIZATION CONSIDERATIONS |
5.1. | Ford |
5.2. | Microsemi |
5.3. | MSX Micropelt |
5.4. | Rolls Royce |
5.5. | TRW |
5.6. | Volvo |
6. | THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTERS: MARKET FORECASTS |
6.1. | Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting - Volume (in thousands of units) 2016-2026 |
6.1. | Examples of autonomous wireless temperature sensors from ABB and GE Sensing |
6.2. | Kieback & Peter and PMDM have launched thermoelectric powered radiator valves for the smart building & home automation segments |
6.2. | Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting - unit price (in US$) 2016-2026 |
6.2. | Applications and market segmentation |
6.2.1. | Wireless sensors and actuators: |
6.2.2. | Military & Aerospace |
6.2.3. | Other industrial applications: |
6.2.4. | Consumer applications: |
6.2.5. | Other applications: |
6.3. | Thermoelectrics for Energy Harvesting total value (millions of US$) 2016-2026 |
6.3. | Unit price considerations |
6.3. | The NASA Mars Rover is powered by a radioactive thermoelectric generator (dark cylinder on rear). |
6.4. | Gentherm Global Power Technologies (GPT) TEGs |
6.4. | Market forecast by revenue |
6.5. | Evergen plate exchanger and strap, both developed by II-VI Marlow. |
6.6. | Alphabet Energy's e1 thermoelectric generator solution |
6.7. | Market forecasts for WSN 2016-2026 |
6.8. | Market forecasts for military & aerospace 2016-2026 |
6.9. | Market forecasts for other industrial 2016-2026 |
6.10. | Market forecasts for consumer 2016-2026 |
6.11. | Market forecasts for other 2016-2026 |
6.12. | Total market forecasts for thermoelectric energy harvesters in different applications 2016-2026 |
7. | COMPANY PROFILES |
7.1. | Alphabet Energy, Inc. |
7.1. | The three main parts of a Global Thermoelectric solid state generator: a burner, the thermopile and cooling fins |
7.2. | 5000W for SCADA communications and cathodic protection of a gas pipeline - India |
7.2. | EVERREDtronics Ltd |
7.3. | Ferrotec Corporation |
7.3. | Small, flexible thermoelectric generators from greenTEG |
7.4. | Detail of fabricated gTEG™ |
7.4. | Gentherm |
7.5. | Global Thermoelectric (now Gentherm) |
7.5. | A greenTEG micro thermoelectric generator |
7.6. | Thermoelectric generation module to be commercialized by KELK |
7.6. | GMZ Energy |
7.7. | greenTEG |
7.7. | Nextreme's evaluation kit |
7.8. | TheaeTEG™ HV37 Power Generator |
7.8. | Hi Z Technology, Inc |
7.9. | KELK Ltd. |
7.9. | A stretchable array of inorganic LEDs |
7.10. | Micropelt's thermal energy harvester integrated with a wirelessHART sensor in action |
7.10. | Laird / Nextreme |
7.11. | Marlow |
7.11. | Thermoelectric conversion film devices fabricated by printing |
7.12. | O-Flexx Power StrapTM |
7.12. | mc10 |
7.13. | Micropelt GmbH |
7.13. | O-Flexx Energy Harvester H30P |
7.14. | Schematic of Perpetua's Flexible Thermoelectric Film™ technology |
7.14. | National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST) |
7.15. | Novus |
7.15. | n-type Mg2SixSny produced by Romny give ZT of ~ 0.83 at 300 °C |
7.16. | Mg-Silicide ingots, hot pressed by Romny Scientific |
7.16. | O-Flexx |
7.17. | OTEGO |
7.17. | Comparison of stability during cycling: Cycle type: heating up to 350⁰C within 30 minutes, cooling down to ambient within 90 minutes |
7.18. | Examples of exhaust and body heat at Yamaha |
7.18. | Perpetua |
7.19. | RGS Development |
7.20. | Romny Scientific |
7.21. | Tellurex Corporation |
7.22. | Thermolife Energy Corporation |
7.23. | Yamaha |
IDTECHEX RESEARCH REPORTS AND CONSULTANCY | |
TABLES | |
FIGURES |
Pages | 103 |
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Tables | 4 |
Figures | 76 |
Forecasts to | 2026 |