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A newly described subset of innate-like lymphocytes with cytotoxic capabilities is shown to have an important role in cancer immunosurveillance. This cell population is broadly self-reactive, has a unique ontogeny and gains cytotoxic potential on sensing IL-15 in tumours.
A preprint by Baer et al. looks at the role of pancreas tissue-resident macrophages in pancreatic tissue injury and fibrosis during pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Clusters of quiescent cancer cells in triple-negative breast cancer create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that might contribute to immunotherapy resistance and tumour recurrence.
A preprint by Mosallanejad et al. uses a comparative immunology approach to investigate the catalytic domains of cGAS, showing that reactivity to self-DNA is not conserved across mammalian species.
Besides neutralizing antibodies, viruses face a range of cell-intrinsic inhibitors that are specialized to limit virus entry into host cells. Majdoul and Compton describe the mechanisms of action of the cellular factors providing this important first line of defence against virus infection, including infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
This Review describes our current understanding of the functional and structural transitions that occurred during the evolution of the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1)–RAG2 (collectively RAG) recombinase, yielding a RAG recombinase in jawed vertebrates with tightly regulated cleavage activity and strongly suppressed transposition activity.
In this Review, Trim and Lynch provide an overview of the adipose tissue immune system and discuss the functional roles of adipose immune structures, as well as focusing on recently discovered ‘non-immune’ functions of adipose tissue immune cells.
Understanding of the role of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection is of great importance for the design of next-generation vaccines. In this Perspective, Davenport and colleagues discuss the challenges in determining a causal relationship between vaccine-induced T cell immunity and protection from COVID-19.
